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Preservation

Pendergrass Library Circulating Collection Condition Report and Results


Pendergrass Library Circulating Collection Condition Report
  • 668 items sampled
    • 199 monographs
    • 345 bound periodicals
    • 114 part of a multi-volume set
    • 7 dissertations/theses
  • Overall Condition of Items
    • Excellent - 17.8%
    • Good - 54.3%
    • Fair - 21.9%
    • Poor - 6.0%
  • Environmental Damage
    • Yes - 46.8%
    • No - 53.2%
    • Dust was the most frequently reported type of environmental damage
  • Patron/Mutilation Damage
    • Yes - 19.3%
    • No - 80.7%
  • Acidity (pH)
    • Acid-free or neutral - 26.8%
    • Acidic -73.2%
  • Brittleness
    • Yes - 15%
    • No - 85%
  • Shelved Correctly
    • Yes - 77.5%
    • No - 22.5%
      • Wrong Location - 1.9%
      • Crooked -17.2%
      • Too tightly - 4.6%
  • Correlation between UV damage and brittleness of paper
    • Those books with UV damage were more likely to have brittle paper
  • Relationship between overall condition and type of binding
    • The "good" category contained a predominance of commercially bound books.
    • The "excellent" category was more likely to have publisher binding.
  • Suggestion of possible link between the height of the shelf and whether or not the item was shelved correctly
    • The data did not conclusively state this, but there was a slight indication that books on middle shelves were more likely to be shelved correctly than those on the top or bottom shelves.
  • Shelving type not a causal factor at all
    • It had been thought that there might be a difference in books on the stable shelving at Ag and the books on the compact/rolling shelves. It did not make a difference in any category in which we expected it to.

Ultimately, 668 items were sampled out of Pendergrass's 150,000 holdings. That number was arrived at using different sample size calculators. Next, in order to guarantee a random sample, the stacks area was divided up according to a map of its layout. Sections were numbered, along with shelves. Random number generators were used to produce a set of numbers that would correspond with the numbering given to the sections and shelves. When a number proved invalid, the number was not used. At the end of the sampling period, the deficiency in the sample size was corrected using a set of randomly generated "backup" numbers. Three people divided up the sample, with two people doing ¼ each and one person doing ½.

Environmental damage

Environmental damage breaks down into five different and specific types of damage. Water damage is, obviously, damage caused by exposure to water. This is usually evidenced by a waviness or discoloration to the item. Mold damage is another self-explanatory type of damage, and is not only visually recognizable, but can also be detected by odor. Insect damage is usually noticeable by the small holes left in the item from where the insects have been and fed. UV damage (ultraviolet light damage) produces faded and/or discolored covers/pages. Dust damage is best noticed before the item has been removed from the shelf, but can also be detected on the top of the book during later examination.

  • Dust is the most commonly found environmental damage. This is heartening, in that dust is easily correctable.
    • However, dust is definitely a problem because a correlation was found between dust and the brittleness of the paper. Brittleness greatly affects the overall condition and usability of an item.
  • The UV damage, found somewhat frequently, is more troubling. UV damage is easily preventable, through the use of window screens and shades and such, but is not reversible.
    • This deserves attention given the found correlation between UV damage and the brittleness of an item.
  • The more serious types of environmental damage, such as water, mold, and insect damage, thankfully occurred fairly infrequently.

Patron mutilation

Patron mutilation is a category that encompasses a multitude of sins: writing in books (with pen, pencil, or highlighter); leaving things in books, such as Post-It notes or bookmarks; animal damage; food or drink stains; dog-eared pages; and torn or removed pages. In the case of torn or removed pages, the determination as to whether such damage was caused by patron mutilation or normal wear and tear requires a careful consideration of the damage. If a whole page is missing, but the binding seems in reasonably good shape, the page was most likely deliberately removed by a patron, especially if the content can be judged to be something that a patron would wish to keep. Books containing art reproductions or photography are particularly susceptible to this type of damage. If pages have been torn in such a way that it is obvious that either a picture or article has been entirely removed, then it was most likely deliberately torn by a patron for keeping, as opposed to being torn by rough handling or some other non-deliberate damaging activity.

The Pendergrass Library had a small amount of patron mutilation damage, less than Hodges and about average compared to other libraries that have done such surveys.

Overall Condition and Type of Binding

There was a correlation found between the overall condition and type of binding. Many of the books in the "good" category were commercially bound. One possible explanation for this is the large number of serial and periodical publications that are commercially bound. They are not usually on acid-free paper, which is what most likely kept them out of the "excellent" category.

Conclusions

In order to correct the dusting problem, more student hours should be devoted to dusting/vacuuming the collection and stacks area. Given the relationships of dust, brittleness and overall condition, keeping books dust free is important.

Screens or filters on the windows are also recommended to help prevent any further UV damage to the collection. UV is another factor that influences brittleness and, thus, overall condition. Staff and patron education programs need to be implemented or revised and reemphasized in order to combat patron mutilation problems such as writing in items, dog-ears on pages, and food and drink damage. Education might also be the key to improve basic "good handling" practices that would correct some of the shelving problems.

Pendergrass Library Circulating Collection Condition Results

Shelved CorrectlyYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Pendergrass51877.5%15022.5%
Hodges54478%15122%
Incorrectly Shelved VolumesYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Shelved in Wrong Location (Pendergrass)131.9%65598.1%
Shelved in Wrong Location (Hodges)385.4%66194.6%
Not Shelved Straight (Pendergrass)11517.2%55317.2%
Not Shelved Straight (Hodges)9113%60880%
Shelved on Spine (Pendergrass)00%668100%
Shelved on Spine (Hodges)10.1%69899.9%
Shelved on Fore-edge (Pendergrass)00%668100%
Shelved on Fore-edge (Hodges)61%69399%
Shelved Too Tightly (Pendergrass)314.6%63795.4%
Shelved Too Tightly (Hodges)263.7%67396.3%
pH of Text BlockAcidic (Count)Acidic (Percentage)Acid-free or Neutral (Count)Acid-free or Neutral (Percentage)
Pendergrass48372.3%17726.5%
Hodges47668.8%21631.2%
Brittle PaperBrittle (Count)Brittle (Percentage)Not Brittle (Count)Not Brittle (Percentage)
Pendergrass10015%56684.7%
Hodges11616.7%57783.3%
Damage to Binding and Text BlockYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Broken Text Block (Pendergrass)568.4%61291.6%
Broken Text Block (Hodges)507.2%64992.8%
Missing Cover(s) (Pendergrass)00%668100%
Missing Cover(s) (Hodges)00%699100%
Red-rot Leather (Pendergrass)20.3%66699.7%
Red-rot Leather (Hodges)61%69399%
Damaged Spine (Pendergrass)7411.1%59488.9%
Damaged Spine (Hodges)12818.3%57181.7%
Loose Hinge(s) (Pendergrass)17125.6%49774.4%
Loose Hinge(s) (Hodges)17725.3%52274.7%
Damaged Cover(s) (Pendergrass)14621.9%52278.1%
Damaged Cover(s) (Hodges)7310.4%62689.6%
Missing Pages (not mutilation) (Pendergrass)30.4%66599.6%
Missing Pages (not mutilation) (Hodges)10.1%69899.9%
Damaged Pages (not mutilation) (Pendergrass)11717.5%55182.5%
Damaged Pages (not mutilation) (Hodges)375.3%66294.7%
Loose Pages (Pendergrass)131.9%65598.1%
Loose Pages (Hodges)172.4%68297.6%
Torn Endsheet(s) (Pendergrass)477.0%62193.0%
Torn Endsheet(s) (Hodges)405.7%65994.3%
Loose Cover(s) (Pendergrass)182.7%65097.3%
Loose Cover(s) (Hodges)71%69299%
Environmental DamageYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Pendergrass31246.7%35453%
Hodges21230.6%48169.4%
Type of Environmental DamageYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Mold (Pendergrass)40.6%66299.4%
Mold (Hodges)00%693100%
UV (Pendergrass)11016.5%55683.5%
UV (Hodges)12722%56678%
Dust (Pendergrass)26439.6%40260.4%
Dust (Hodges)11520%57880%
Insect (Pendergrass)30.5%66399.4%
Insect (Hodges)00%693100%
Water (Pendergrass)314.7%63595.3%
Water (Hodges)152%67898%
Patron/Mutilation DamageYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Pendergrass12919.3%53980.7%
Hodges18226.3%51173.7%
Type of Patron/Mutilation DamageYes (Count)Yes (Percentage)No (Count)No (Percentage)
Pencil (Pendergrass)456.7%62393.3%
Pencil (Hodges)9015%60385%
Ink (Pendergrass)345%63495%
Ink (Hodges)579%36391%
Highlighter (Pendergrass)40.6%66499.4%
Highlighter (Hodges)173%67697%
Paper Clips (Pendergrass)91.3%65998.7%
Paper Clips (Hodges)51%68899%
Dog-ears (Pendergrass)233.4%64596.5%
Dog-ears (Hodges)477%64693%
Post-it Notes (Pendergrass)10.1%66799.9%
Post-it Notes (Hodges)20%691100%
Bookmarks and Other Papers (Pendergrass)203%64897%
Bookmarks and Other Papers (Hodges)213%67297%
Pages torn or removed (Pendergrass)132%65598%
Pages torn or removed (Hodges)81%68599%
Animal Damage (Pendergrass)20.3%66699.7%
Animal Damage (Hodges)10%692100%
Food or Drink Stains (Pendergrass)233.4%64596.5%
Food or Drink Stains (Hodges)284%66596%
Adhesive (Pendergrass)152.2%65397.8%
Adhesive (Hodges)122%68198%
Other (Pendergrass)162.4%65297.6%
Other (Hodges)173%67697%
 

"To Protect and Conserve"

Preservation Office

Contact information:

Hodges Library
1015 Volunteer Boulevard
Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1000

Phone:
865-974-6785